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Social genomics
Social genomics is the field of research that examines why and how different social factors and processes (e.g., social stress, conflict, isolation, attachment, etc.) affect the activity of the genome. Social genomics as a field is very young (< 20 years old) and was spurred by the scientific understanding that the expression of genes to their gene products, though not the DNA sequence itself, is affected by the external environment. Social genomics researchers have thus examined the role of social factors (e.g. isolation, rejection) on the expression of individual genes, or more commonly, clusters of many genes (i.e. gene profiles, or gene programs).
== History ==
In the early 2000s, initial work on this topic was conducted in animal model systems, such as zebra finch, honeybee, and cichlid, by Gene E. Robinson at the University of Illinois among others. In 2007, (Steve Cole ) at UCLA published the first study of social factors, in this case social connection, on the immune cell gene expression among healthy older adults. Shortly thereafter, a series of papers were published by (Youssef Idaghdour ) and his colleagues looking at the role of environmental factors on gene expression throughout the genome where they found that only 5% of the variation in genomic expression was attributable to genetic factors (i.e. sequence variation in the genome) whereas, as much as half was due to the living environment of the individual, either urban or rural. These studies set the stage for looking at environmental modulation of gene expression including social influences.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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